Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by differences in social communication, behavior, and sensory processing. It encompasses a wide spectrum of symptoms and severity levels, meaning that no two individuals with autism are exactly alike. Each person demonstrates a unique combination of strengths and challenges.

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that all children be screened for autism between 18 and 24 months of age, in addition to routine developmental surveillance. Early identification and intervention can significantly improve developmental outcomes and enhance a child’s overall quality of life.

ASD occurs in children of all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds, though national data continue to show disparities in prevalence and age of diagnosis.

• Autism currently affects 1 in 54 children in the United States.
   
• There has been a 10% increase in prevalence since 2014.
   
• The median age of diagnosis is just over 4 years old, though symptoms may be evident earlier.
   
• Boys are diagnosed about four times more often than girls.
   
• While ASD affects all racial and ethnic groups, Hispanic children remain underdiagnosed, reflecting a gap in access to early screening and services.
   

The exact cause of autism remains multifactorial and not fully understood. Current research suggests a combination of genetic, environmental, and biological influences that affect early brain development. While the underlying mechanisms are still being studied, evidence consistently supports that early diagnosis and timely therapeutic support can positively alter developmental trajectories.

• Difficulties in social communication and interaction
   
• Challenges with reciprocal relationships and nonverbal communication
   
• Restricted or repetitive behaviors, interests, or routines
   
• Delayed or regressed developmental milestones, especially in speech and language
   
• Cognitive variability, ranging from intellectual disability to above-average intelligence
   

• Atypical sensory responses (over- or under-reactivity to sounds, textures, or lights)
   
• Repetitive motor movements such as hand-flapping, rocking, or spinning
   
• Limited eye contact or reduced response to one’s name
   
• Echolalia (repetition of words or phrases)
   
• Difficulty understanding or expressing emotions
   
• Preference for solitary or parallel play
   
• Intense or unusual interests in specific objects or topics
   
• Resistance to change or transitions
   
• Anxiety, phobias, or mood fluctuations
   
• Unusual eating or sleeping habits
   
• Low awareness of safety or danger
   
• Self-injurious behaviors or behavioral outbursts (“meltdowns”)
   

At Din Neurology, we recognize that autism is not a single disorder but a diverse spectrum. Our approach focuses on early, accurate diagnosis, comprehensive neurological evaluation, and personalized treatment planning to help each child achieve meaningful progress in communication, behavior, and daily living.